The Board of Trustees serves as the legal authority responsible for governing the institution and shaping its policies. To ensure its effective participation in approving financial conditions and monitoring the stability of ASU, the Board oversees leadership effectiveness and evaluates the university's teaching, research, and public service endeavors.

• Establishing the university's overarching policies.
• Endorsing the university's annual and strategic plans as recommended by the University Council, overseeing their implementation, and evaluating their efficacy.
• Evaluating the university's academic, administrative, and financial performance.
• Appointing vice-presidents, branch heads, and deans..
• Proposing the establishment of new faculties, departments, institutes, and scientific centers within the Kingdom of Jordan to the Board.
• Suggesting new academic programs and specializations, modifying existing ones, or discontinuing them
• Setting tuition fees for various programs based on recommendations from the University Council.
• Approving the annual budget, final financial statements, and reviewing the annual report following the University Council's approvals.
• Enhancing the university’s financial resources and managing investment strategies.
• Accepting donations, grants, bequests, and similar contributions.
• Approving agreements on scientific, technological, and cultural cooperation with international entities outside the Kingdom of Jordan. Such agreements must align with accreditation standards and embody the principles established by the Board for degree-granting collaborations.
• Addressing any additional matters related to the university as submitted by the Chairman of the Board of Trustees, provided they fall outside the jurisdiction of any entity specified in the university's laws and regulations.​

There is a well-defined separation, both in theory and in practice, between the Board of Trustees' roles in policy​-making and financial oversight and the administration's and faculty's responsibilities to manage and execute these policies.